They come in all sorts of styles, cross dissolves, wipes, Fade out Fade in, Black out, Fade out and so on. A lot of editors uses them to help give a clean and tidy jump shot, which is where you jump from one scene like a lady getting onto a train to a man sitting on his bed. You're jumping from one scene to another, transitions give a great effect and sometimes they blend it really others times not so much. Here is an example of different transitions you get.
Wipes; were very famous in the 80's particularly in the Star Wars Films. They were often used as a start of a new chapter to the audience. They are still used in Star Wars films today.
Here is a classic example of the wipes which are used in Star Wars.
The 180 degree rule.
The 180 degree rule is a rule every film marker must follow. As I tried to explain in the picture about its like have two actors, think of a line between them, known as the invincible 180 degree line, then add a half moon onto it a stretched one, the camera will never cross the line that is between the actors 'invincible' . Every time the actors move the line moves with them and the camera moves position to avoid going near the 180 degree line. The half moon style is what the camera moves on, no matter how big of small that half the circle is the camera won't ever come off that half circle. If you do however cross the invincible line it just shows professional that you are an amatuer.
L cuts also known as split edit are used to show someone talking out of shot. You'd have one person talking to another, and as the other person is talking to someone else there voice continues as it shots onto some else as they may just nod of agree. That is know as the Jump Cut. The editor on an editing software looks like an L shape hence its name.
Parallel editing is cutting between two scenes shown at the same time. They interween with each other to show it. TV shows and Drama's often used parallel editing.
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